Jiawang Tulong Mountain—Xiaohong Mountain Han Cemetery

In order to cooperate with the construction of a large construction site in Jiawang, the Xuzhou Museum has carried out rescue archeological excavations of three tombs within the construction site since April this year. The three tombs are located on the north side of National Road 310, the foothills of Quanhe Village and Guanzhuang Village on the north side of Jiawang Town, and the slopes between the two mountains. From east to west, there are three Han cemeteries: Xiaohong Mountain tomb Shihoulin tomb and Tulong mountain tomb, which are not far from each other.

Excavation site

After several days of excavation and clearing, the archaeological excavation of the Han tombs in Xiaohongshan has now ended, and the excavation of the Han tombs in Shihoulin Mountain and Tulong Mountain is in progress. A number of distinctive pottery wares and several Han portraits have been unearthed. According to archeologists, from the perspective of tomb shape and unearthed artifacts, the overall time span of the three tombs ranges from the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The Han Tomb Group of Xiaohong Mountain is located around the cliff at the southern foot of Xiaohong Mountain. According to local villagers, the cliffs were left by quarrying in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the stone was often blown out of broken pottery. Here, archeologists have discovered that about fifty or sixty Han tombs have been cleared, which is the largest number of tombs among the three Han tombs. They are distributed on the ridges and slopes and are relatively dense.

Most of the tombs found in this Han tomb group are tombs with vertical holes in stone pits, as well as mixed masonry tombs. The former belongs to the Western Han Dynasty and the latter belongs to the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is a common tomb shape in Xuzhou Han archeology. "The Han tombs here are relatively dense, there are both Eastern and Western Han tombs, and even the Eastern Han tombs and Western Han tombs are superimposed. It is likely that they belong to different family tombs." Archeologists said that some East Han masonry tombs were built in the Western Han Above the burial burial pit, the special situation of a tomb is formed.

The unearthed artifacts of the Xiao Hong Mountain Han Tomb Group are mainly pottery. At the site of the archeological team, the reporter saw these unearthed artifacts. Most of the pottery had been broken, and there were not many complete ones. On individual pottery, painted patterns with red and white colors could be seen. Judging from the shape of the device, there are tripods, boxes, pots, pots, buns, stoves, wells, pots, cups, mills, pig pens ... these are the epitome of practical utensils for daily life.

Tulong Mountain Han Tombs is located slightly north of the top of Tulong Mountain. Before excavation here, there are three seal mounds arranged in the north-south direction on the ground surface. The seal mound on the southmost side is the largest with a diameter of about 30 meters and a residual height of about 2.5 meters. The stone tombs around the seal are partially exposed. After exploration, 19 stone pit vertical tombs in the Western Han Dynasty were found here. At present, archeologists are excavating Han Tomb M13, which is the largest and most centrally located mound.

The largest mound of mounds has been cleared, and several Han tombs under and around the mound have been cleared. In the middle of the Han tomb group, the archeologists intentionally kept a "section wall" of the mound. According to the archeologists, from the "section wall", it can be seen that the sealing soil is rammed layer by layer, and the soil layer is mixed with the layer of gravel during the construction of the tomb. The "main tomb" M13, located at the center of the closed soil, has begun to clear the vertical cave entrance. The entrance is about 1.80 meters wide from east to west and about 2 meters long from north to south. The depth is temporarily unknown. The size of the vertical cave tomb in Shikeng is not large. It is called the "main tomb" because it is located in the middle, and the surrounding tombs are attached to the M13 burial. Archeologists speculate that the owner of M13's tomb is likely to be an elder with an important position in this family.

The Stone Monkey Forest Han Tomb Group is located between the Xiaohong Mountain and Tulong Mountain Han Tomb Groups. It is different from the other two Han Tomb Groups on the foothills. This tomb group is located on a relatively flat slope between the two mountains. After exploration, there are more than ten Eastern Han Dynasty brick rooms or masonry tombs. Most of the tombs were harassed in ancient times, and the shape of the tombs was incomplete.

    During the excavation of this Han tomb group, the archaeological team arranged a number of archaeological expeditions of 10 meters square. The excavations were dug down to an average depth of about half a meter. Many tombs in the expeditions were exposed, and the tombs were all east-west. It can be seen at the scene that most of the tombs were built with thin stones. In addition to being harassed in ancient times, many tombs are close to the bottom. Archeologists are cleaning up the silt of multiple tombs in groups. Among the expeditions, there is a Han painting stone carved with arcs and rhombuses. Among the tomb stones on site, the workmanship is relatively exquisite. The archeologists believe that it may be borrowed from other tombs. The archeologists also found a stone altar that was slightly dumped before the tomb in one of the expeditions. One end of the altar was pressed under the beam between the two expeditions. The exposed area can be seen. The surface is relatively polished, with ear cup shapes and fish patterns carved on it.

Regarding the nature of the Shihoulin Mountain tomb group, archeologists believe that it should be a typical family tomb group. This tomb group has important archeological value for studying the Han Dynasty funeral customs in Jiawang area.